alexander time Youdheha coin die photo,CHANAKYA,

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Youdeya Coin. It is quite interesting to see Lord Arumugam one with six faces, Lord Muruga associated with Buddhism
Yodheya (alias Yaudheya, Yauddheya) was a kingdom that lied close to the kingdom of the Pandavas. They have taken part in the Kurukshetra War, siding with the Kauravas. Pandava king Yudhisthira had a son named Yaudheya. It is not clear if he belonged to the Yaudheya tribe. There is some speculation that the Yaudheyas were linked to the Yadava chief Yuyudhana, otherwise known as Satyaki and thus were a Yadava tribe, whereas other evidences link them to Rajputs
Yudhisthira's son Yaudheya
This is the only reference linking Yaudheyas to the Pandavas. Yudhishthira, having obtained for his wife Devika, the daughter of Govasana of the Saivya tribe, in a self-choice ceremony, begat upon her a son named Yaudheya (1:95). The verse in Mahabharata is same as in Matsya Purana but their it refers to Yaudheya, son of Prativindhya, son of Yudhisthara. Other son of Yudhisthara is called Devaka, his grandson is called Yaudheya. Nalanda Shabda kosha indicates Yaudheya as descendents of Yudhisthara. The Yaudheya kingdom coins claim descent from Dharmaraja, name for Yudhisthara. As per Altekar & Muzumdar, Yaudheyas lead the nationa;l revolt against the Kushana rulers, allied with Malavas and Arjunayanas as a federation of three with coins celebrating this fact linking it to their ancestors, the brothers Dharma, Bhima and Arjuna. The legend of overthrow of Kansa and his downfall by Krishna is a legend based in Mathura where they still celebrate the downfall and destruction of Tochari Raja 's fort. The legend of later destruction of foreign foes by allied tribes of Yaudheyas, Malavas and Arjunayanas may be basis for the Pandava legends. As for Yaudheya 's mother, In Adiparva, Yudhisthara is mentioned having a second wife, in Bheeshma Parva, he's mentioned with atleast two more wives but in the mentions in Streeparva and later parvas, she doesn't show up though other wives of the brothers do.
In Kurukshtera War
Yaudheyas were mentioned as allied with the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War. It's not clear if there were another Yaudheya tribe allied to the Pandavas. Arjuna of white steeds despatched, the Yaudheyas, the Parvatas, the Madrakas, and the Malavas also, to the regions of the dead (7:158). With his shafts, Yudhishthira began to slay the Amvashthas, the Malavas, the brave Trigartas and the Sivis. And cutting off the Abhishahas, the Surasenas, the Valhikas, and the Vasatis, he caused the earth to be miry with flesh and blood. And he also despatched within a trice, by means of many shafts, to region of the dead, the Yaudheyas, the Malavas, and large numbers,of the Madrakas (7:154). The Kekeyas, the Malavas, the Madrakas the Dravidas of fierce prowess, the Yaudheyas, the Lalittyas, the Kshudrakas, the Usinaras, the Tundikeras, the Savitriputras, the Easterners, the Northerners, the Westerners, and the Southerners, have all been slain by Arjuna

East india company Rupees 2.8 annas

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tanzania chess stamp mint

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steel stamp of bhutan

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INDO BACTRIAN COIN WITH PILLAR

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THE INDO BACTRIAN COIN OF ANCIENT INDIA WITH PILLAR RARE IN THIS CONDITION
The Bactrian king Euthydemus and his son Demetrius crossed the Hindu Kush and began the conquest of Northern Afghanistan and the Indus valley. For a short time, they wielded great power: a great Greek empire seemed to have arisen far in the East. But this empire was torn by internal dissensions and continual usurpations. When Demetrius advanced far into India one of his generals, Eucratides, made himself king of Bactria, and soon in every province there arose new usurpers, who proclaimed themselves kings and fought one against the other.

Most of them we know only by their coins, a great many of which are found in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. By these wars, the dominant position of the Greeks was undermined even more quickly than would otherwise have been the case. After Demetrius and Eucratides, the kings abandoned the Attic standard of coinage and introduced a native standard, no doubt to gain support from outside the Greek minority.

In India, this went even further. The Indo-Greek king Menander I (known as Milinda in India), recognized as a great conqueror, converted to Buddhism. His successors managed to cling to power until the last known Indo-Greek ruler, a king named Strato II, who ruled in the Punjab region until around 55 BCE. Other sources, however, place the end of Strato II's reign as late as 10 CE.

BYZANTINE FIRE SHIPS,see cup shape byzantine coins

The Greek fire SHIP was first used by the Byzantine Navy during the Byzantine-Arab Wars (from the Madrid Skylitzes,

Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid).
The Arabs, now firmly in control of Syria and the Levant, sent frequent raiding parties deep into Anatolia, and

between 674 and 678 laid siege to Constantinople itself. The Arab fleet was finally repulsed through the use of

Greek fire, and a thirty-years' truce was signed between the empire and caliphate. The Anatolian raids

continued unabated, and accelerated the demise of classical urban culture, with the inhabitants of many cities

either refortifying much smaller areas within the old city walls, or relocating entirely to nearby fortresses.

The void left by the disappearance of the old semi-autonomous civic institutions was filled by the theme

system, which entailed the division of Anatolia into "provinces" occupied by distinct armies which assumed

civil authority and answered directly to the imperial administration. This system may have had its roots in

certain ad hoc measures taken by Heraclius, but over the course of the seventh century it developed into an

entirely new system of imperial governance.

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FANTACY OF HISTORIANS BYZANTINE DYNASTY

The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Romans (Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) and also as Romania (Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía), was the continuation of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman Emperors. The Empire preserved Romano-Hellenistic traditions, but due to the increasing predominance of the Greek language,it became known to most of its western and northern contemporaries usually as the Empire of the Greeks. In the Islamic world it was known primarily as روم (Rûm "Rome"). The term "Byzantine Empire" was popularized by historians during the 16th – 19th centuries.

The Eastern Roman Empire's evolution from the ancient Roman Empire is sometimes dated from Emperor Constantine I's transfer of the capital from Nicomedia (in Anatolia) to Byzantium on the Bosphorus, which became Constantinople (alternatively "New Rome"). By the 7th century, increased eastern cultural influences, reforms by Emperor Heraclius, and the adoption of Greek as the official language, distinguished the later Roman character from its ancient character.

During its thousand-year existence the Empire remained one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe, despite setbacks and territorial losses, especially during the Roman–Persian and Byzantine–Arab Wars. After the Komnenian restoration briefly re-established dominance in the 12th century, the Empire slipped into a long decline, with the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars culminating in the Fall of Constantinople and its remaining territories to the Muslim Ottoman Turks in the 15th century.
The term "Byzantine Empire" is an invention of historians and was never used during the Empire's lifetime. The Empire's name in Greek was Basileia ton Rhōmaiōn (Greek: Βασιλεία των Ῥωμαίων)— "The Empire of the Romans"— a translation of the Latin name of the Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Romanōrum); unofficially it was also called as Rhōmania (Greek: Ῥωμανία) or Rhōmaís (Ῥωμαΐς).The term "Byzantine" itself comes from "Byzantium", the name that the city of Constantinople had before it became the capital of Constantine. This older name of the city would rarely be used from this point onward except in historical or poetic contexts.


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ERROR 50 RUPEES BANKNOTES NO FLAG ON FLAGPOLE

NO FLAG ON FLAGPOLE OF PARLIAMENT
The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or the upper house. Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the States.

The Rajya Sabha. Elections to it are scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved. Each member has a term of 6 years and elections are held for one-third of the seats after every 2 years. The composition is specified in Article 80 of the Constitution of India.

12 members are nominated by the President from people having special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art or social services.
Representatives of States are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the State in accordance with system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
Representatives of Union Territories are indirectly elected by members of an electoral college for that territory in accordance with system of proportional representation.

The Council of States is designed to maintain the federal character of the country. The number of members from a state depends on the population of the state (e.g. 31 from Uttar Pradesh and one from Nagaland).

The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years

Building

The Parliament House (Sansad Bhavan) is a circular building designed by the British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker in 1912–1913. Construction began in 1921, and in 1927 the building was opened as the home of the Council of State, the Central Legislative Assembly, and the Chamber of Princes. The roof of the outer circle of the structure is supported by 144 granite pillars. The Houses are located on Janpath, a stone's throw away from the presidential palace (Rashtrapati Bhavan).It is also seen from the India Gate.

The former Chamber of Princes was home to the Supreme Court of India until 1958.INDIAN BANKNOTES ANCIENT COINS,STAMPS,POSTAL HISTORY,,,
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Thanks THANKS Thanks for your RESPONSE

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One can pay back the loan of gold, but one dies forever in debt to those who are kind
Silent gratitude isn't much use to anyone. SO lets do some exchanges
The only people with whom you should try to get even are those who have helped you.
I would maintain that thanks are the highest form of thought, and that gratitude is happiness doubled by wonder.
Something that has always puzzled me all my life is why, when I am in special need of help, the good deed is usually done by somebody on whom I have no claim.
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world
“I find that the more willing I am to be grateful for the small things in life, the bigger stuff just seems to show up from unexpected sources, and I am constantly looking forward to each day with all the surprises that keep coming my way!”
World gave me a gift of 86,400 seconds today. Have you used one to say “thank you?”".
“Make it a habit to tell people thank you. To express your appreciation, sincerely and without the expectation of anything in return. Truly appreciate those around you, and you’ll soon find many others around you. Truly appreciate life, and you’ll find that you have more of it.”
“You simply will not be the same person two months from now after consciously giving thanks each day for the abundance that exists in your life. And you will have set in motion an ancient spiritual law: the more you have and are grateful for, the more will be given you.”